Plants of
the Gull Lake
Wetlands of Manitoba
| According to Dr. Karen Johnson,
former curator of
Botany at the Museum of Man and Nature, the Gull Lake Wetlands have
more rare
and unusual plants including rare orchids and carnivorous plants than
any other
known site in Manitoba.
The Gull
Lake Wetlands, 50 25’ North, 96 31’ West, is
near
the
southeast corner of Lake Winnipeg, Manitoba. It is immediately
north of
the
Brokenhead First Nations Reserve. It is a very unusual area that was
formerly
known as the Scanterbury Bog. Scanterbury was a tiny railroad siding
between
East Selkirk and Beaconia (where the railroad turns east to Stead and
then
north to Pine Falls). The southern portion of the wetland is
bisected by
Highway
59, while the remaining wetlands are just west of Highway 59 and north
of its
junction with highway 219 to Stead. The Gull Lake Wetlands is a topographically confined
raised
bog, with some central ponds and marginal wet troughs and fens. A fen
is a kind of peat land characterized by a high water table, but with
slow
internal drainage by seepage down very gradual slopes. The slow moving
ground
water is enriched by nutrients from upslope materials. Thus fens
are
richer
in minerals and less acidic than bogs. The pH of the groundwater in the
fen is
approximately 7.0 to 7.5. This is very conducive to a variety of
plant life, including orchids. The specific area of Section 34, Township 26, Range 7,
comprises the biggest
part of the fen and is the most interesting from a botanical
perspective. The vegetation has a high proportion of
sedges along
with many other rare and interesting plants. Since the
long ago construction of Highway 59 through the area, only about 15% of
the
original ponds have
water in them. Some of the feeding streams have been cut off. Ten
feeding streams are however still active; two of them still keep some
of the ponds supplied
with water.
Also, use of a well in the nearby gravel pit may have damaged some of
these
streams by drawing down the water table. There are two locations with
indications that streams were once present, with one of them actually
having
water coming out of it at present. A more thorough investigation still
needs to
be done of the mechanisms that keep this fen supplied with water. 255 plant species have been identified in the Gull Lake wetlands. This includes 28 species of native orchids, and 8 species of carnivorous plants. Twenty-four species of plants that are rare to Manitoba have been discovered in the wetland. One plant, the Bog Adder’s Mouth Orchid, is also considered rare in Canada. Because of the unique nature of this area, the Provincial government is now considering preserving the area as a natural park with controlled public access. This rare and beautiful ecosystem will hopefully be preserved for future generations to enjoy.
(this botanical survey originated from a Manitoba Hydro-sponsored research grant to study the ecology of the area prior to considering recreational or commercial development). |